Successful Inter-Professional Team (IPT) collaboration in the care of peripartum women with COVID-19 on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO)

Objectives: To describe the IPT collaborative approach for peripartum women with COVID-19 on ECMO and report the intervention outcomes. Method(s): A retrospective electronic health record review was performed from January 2020 through January 2022. All peripartum women on ECMO with COVID19 admitted to the cardiothoracic intensive care unit (CTICU) were included. The IPT came together to coordinate peripartum care and delivery. An algorithm was created to outline the roles and workflow in the care of these patients. The outcomes evaluated included delivery method, timing, and location, maternal survival at discharge, maternal ICU length of stay (LOS), and neonatal survival Results: Thirteen Peropartum women were placed on ECMO (5 antepartum and 8 postpartum, ages 27-42). None had been vaccinated against COVID-19. All received femoral vessel cannulation (11 venovenous and 2 venoarterial). Four patients underwent Caesareansection delivery while on ECMO. Maternal survival to hospital discharge was 84.6%. All neonates survived with COVID-19 negative status. Conclusion(s): The collaborative IPT approach with a structured algorithm facilitated survival outcomes. This report adds to the limited literature on peripartum. ECMO and provides insights to consider in planning for the care of these patients.

Student Perception of School Performance during the Pandemic Experience: A Case Study in a Mexican Public University

The purpose of the work is to explore the perception of undergraduate students, at a Mexican university, about their school performance in the context of the pandemic. An online questionnaire was designed with open ques-tions that explore the student's perception of the distance modality in their learning process, considering their material living conditions. The sampling was non-probabilistic of self-selection, with the participation of 417 stu-dents. For the analysis, the predefined categories on health status, experiences and personal difficulties in so-cial distancing, experiences from the past semester, proposals for improvement, and difficulties that may affect performance in the new semester were used. The results show that those students capable of satisfactorily ma-naging their learning process perceive their material living conditions, and personal and family health as "good". Among the perceived complications are the Internet service and the sharing of devices or spaces.

COVID-19 after two years: trajectories of different components of mental health in the Spanish population.

AIMS: Our study aimed to (1) identify trajectories on different mental health components during a two-year follow-up of the COVID-19 pandemic and contextualise them according to pandemic periods; (2) investigate the associations between mental health trajectories and several exposures, and determine whether there were differences among the different mental health outcomes regarding these associations. METHODS: We included 5535 healthy individuals, aged 40-65 years old, from the Barcelona Brain Health Initiative (BBHI). Growth mixture models (GMM) were fitted to classify individuals into different trajectories for three mental health-related outcomes (psychological distress, personal growth and loneliness). Moreover, we fitted a multinomial regression model for each outcome considering class membership as the independent variable to assess the association with the predictors. RESULTS: For the outcomes studied we identified three latent trajectories, differentiating two major trends, a large proportion of participants was classified into 'resilient' trajectories, and a smaller proportion into 'chronic-worsening' trajectories. For the former, we observed a lower susceptibility to the changes, whereas, for the latter, we noticed greater heterogeneity and susceptibility to different periods of the pandemic. From the multinomial regression models, we found global and cognitive health, and coping strategies as common protective factors among the studied mental health components. Nevertheless, some differences were found regarding the risk factors. Living alone was only significant for those classified into 'chronic' trajectories of loneliness, but not for the other outcomes. Similarly, secondary or higher education was only a risk factor for the 'worsening' trajectory of personal growth. Finally, smoking and sleeping problems were risk factors which were associated with the 'chronic' trajectory of psychological distress. CONCLUSIONS: Our results support heterogeneity in reactions to the pandemic and the need to study different mental health-related components over a longer follow-up period, as each one evolves differently depending on the pandemic period. In addition, the understanding of modifiable protective and risk factors associated with these trajectories would allow the characterisation of these segments of the population to create targeted interventions.

Family Parents' Perspective of Different Social-Economical Statuses about the Online and Offline Classes during the COVID-19 Pandemic

This research work aimed to characterize the perception of parents of educational institutions of various socioeconomic strata of Barranquilla-Colombia about the teaching of classes in the synchronous and asynchronous mode in times of Covid-19. With a qualitative approach and an interpretative-hermeneutical design, 6 parents were chosen and an unstructured interview was applied in which aspects such as connectivity, strategies used by teachers and interaction with them during the pandemic were addressed. The main finding was that parents who are enrolled in low-income institutions agree that they do not have the guarantees for their children to receive a quality education under the modality at home;For their part, the parents who have their children enrolled in a high socioeconomic level assure that despite the fact that educational institutions have resources to teach the contents of the areas of knowledge, their attendants were demotivated by the new modality of teaching. © 2022, World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society. All rights reserved.

Colorectal cancer screen-up-to-date: 10-year prevalence in a regional safety-net health system

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is an effective secondary prevention method with an increased probability of diagnosing CRC at an earlier stage, and a consequent improvement in survival post-treatment. This is especially true for individuals who undergo guideline recommended screening at appropriate intervals. Studies have reported a consistent rise in long-term trends of guideline-adherent screen-up-to-date (SUTD) rates among predominantly White and insured individuals. Here we use longitudinal data from 2011-2020 and report 10-year prevalence and correlates of CRC SUTD among patients in a safety-net health system. Method(s): All patients aged 50-74 years who had a primary care encounter in any of the 12 community clinics in a large county safety-net health system were included. An individual was considered to be SUTD if he/she had a stool test during the calendar year, flexible sigmoidoscopy in the past 5 years, or colonoscopy in the past 10 years. To obtain a population health estimate (and not only examine frequencies), we included in the denominator patients with a primary care visit in the past 3 years. Multivariable generalized estimating equations (GEE) model was used to examine the association of SUTD status with time-varying demographic and clinical characteristics over the 10-year period. Result(s): Our analytical cohort had 50,647 patients in 2011, of which 40.9% (20,708) patients were SUTD. Annual rates of SUTD were largely unchanged until 2019, when the prevalence increased to 46.8% after initiation of a population health outreach mailed FIT program. The SUTD rate fell to the baseline level of 40.8% in 2020 after the pandemic-induced suspension of the mailed FIT program. Multivariable GEE model demonstrated that older patients, females, and Hispanics had higher odds of being SUTD compared to younger patients, males, and non-Hispanics, respectively. Additionally, patients who had prior interaction with the healthcare system (had prior stool tests or prior primary care encounters) had higher odds of being SUTD than those with no prior experience with the healthcare system (no prior stool tests or no prior primary care encounters). Conclusion(s): This study establishes contemporary evidence about the 10-year prevalence and correlates of CRC SUTD status among patients in a safety-net health system. Prevalence remained constant for most of the decade, except in 2019, when a population-based mailed FIT outreach program was implemented to complement usual visit-based screening. Despite the disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, screening rates in 2020 did not drop below pre-2019 levels (~40%), though the prior increases due to the mailed FIT program were lost. We believe that effective implementation of broad population-based, screening outreach efforts are instrumental in improving and sustaining CRC SUTD rates in safety-net health systems, and can consequently help to decrease CRC incidence and related mortality.

Analysis of the evolution of knowledge prevention and its practice among the population of Colombia towards the disease Coronavirus (Covid-19)

This research shows the evolution that has been presented by the knowledge and practice by part of the people of the recommendations given by the World Health Organization for the prevention of Covid-19 compared to the study carried out by Rivera-Diaz et al. 478 people were surveyed, the results showed that a high percentage knows and puts into practice the WHO recommendations regardless of the sex of the individual. In addition, the study shows the problems related to the consumption of substances and / or medications for the prevention of Covid-19, which can put the health of those who consume them at serious risk;on the other hand, the use of medicinal plants also proves to be a very common practice in the population © 2022, Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Quimico-Farmaceuticas(Colombia).All Rights Reserved.

Medical training in orotracheal intubation with acrylic box in pediatric SARS-CoV-2 patients decreases exposure time

Introduction: in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the modification of the intubation technique using the aerosol box, in order to reduce exposure to aerosols generates anxiety in Health Workers (HCWs), by increasing the degree of difficulty and time of endotracheal intubation (IT). Simulated intubation environments allow to measured IT and also increase intubation ability and decrease IT. Objective(s): to measure IT pre (without box without training-SS-, with box without training-CS-, with box with training-CC-) and post educational maneuver. Material(s) and Method(s): retrospective, comparative, before and after;with physicians trained in a simulated environment. Result(s): n = 82, age 29 years (27 to 31 years), clinicians 69.5%, residents 82.9%. IT: SS 35 s (27-47.25 s), CS 39.5 s (28-56.5 s) and CC 22 seconds (17.5-30 s), p = 0.0001. Higher IT of clinical vs surgical physicians SS 39 s (30-52 s) versus 32 s (24-34 s), p = 0.004;CS 42 s (33-59 s) versus 28 s (21-43 s), p = 0.016;CC 25 s (20-35 s) versus 19 s (16-21 s) p = 0.018. Higher TI novice vs experienced SS 68 s (39-135 s) versus 34 s (27-46 s), p = 0.058;CS 144 s (84-210 s) versus 38 (28-54 s), p = 0.001, CC 46 s (30-55 s) versus 22 s (17-30 s), p = 0.030. Using the device without training increased IT, but post-training IT decreased in all groups-16 s (-26 to-7 s), which was more noticeable among novices-98 s (-163 to-45.5 s) and the clinical group-18.5 s (-32 to-7 s). Conclusion(s): the use of devices with training can be efficient in terms of IT, regardless the degree of experience and type of medical specialty. Copyright © 2022, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias. All rights reserved.

Process and Outcomes of Prone Position Therapy (PPT) for Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) Patients with COVID-19

Background: There is limited evidence on the benefits of PPT for ECMO patients. Purpose(s): To describe the PPT process and assess its impact on COVID-19 patients supported with ECMO. Method(s): A retrospective electronic health record review was performed to compare the outcomes of patients treated with PPT with a matched cohort of non-proned patients. From January 2020 to January 2022, all COVID-19 ECMO patients admitted to the cardiothoracic intensive care unit (CTICU) of a large academic medical center were included. ECMO PPT protocol was created by the unit inter-professional team (IPT), to standardize the approach and maintain a safe practice. The unit education committee provided the training for PPT. The outcomes assessed were complications due to PPT, ECMO run time, survival at decannulation, and the highest level of mobility while supported on ECMO. Result(s): Seventy-nine COVID-19 patients were supported on veno-venous ECMO in the CTICU. Of these patients, 41.7% received at least one 16-hour PPT session per day. There were no severe complications attributed to PPT. There were no differences in survival rate at decannulation between proned and non-proned patients. Further analyses compared proned patients to non-proned patients matched by age, gender, body mass index and comorbidities to evaluate the outcomes. Conclusion(s): Our IPT approach with a standardized protocol guided the successful PPT of these patients with no significant major adverse events. This single-center report shows no difference in survival at decannulation between the two groups. Further subgroup analysis is expected to guide future case selection.

Prevalence and factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in institutionalized older adults

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of infection and the factors associated with COVID-19 in a geriatric institution in Cali, Colombia. This is an observational, cross-sectional study in institutionalized older adults after a COVID-19 outbreak. In a population of 252 adults who were screened for SARS-CoV-2. The prevalence of COVID-19 infection and its relationship with sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, symptoms, and geriatric clinimetry were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate regression models with prevalence ratios. Of this population, 84 (33.3%) were infected. A higher prevalence was found in adults >= 80 years (PR = 1.69 95% CI 1.16-2.47), with malnutrition (MNA <17) (PR = 1.44 95% CI 1.01-2.04 ) and with a Barthel index <60 (PR = 1.57 95% CI 1.09-2.25). Those infected presented mostly with fever (PR = 2.08 95% CI 1.39-3.09) and cough (PR = 1.61 95% CI 1.10-2.34). In conclusion, the prevalence of COVID-19 infection in institutionalized older adults is related to advanced age, malnutrition, and functional dependence.

Environmental Management Strategies in Kichwa Communities of the Ecuadorian Amazon

Unemployment in Ecuador's Amazonian communities has increased significantly during the pandemic caused by the COVID-19 disease, primarily from March to August 2020;as a result, the population has shifted its focus to agriculture. This economic sector is specifically directed towards the overexploitation of timber resources and the hunting of animals. This study proposes an Environmental Management Plan for three agricultural farms located in the San Pablo de Ushpayaco parish, Napo, Ecuador, which sell primarily organic products in local markets. The fieldwork included a historical analysis of the sector, the diagnosis of survival strategies, relevant environmental aspects, identification of actors, and interests regarding access to resources. Different problems include the inefficient use of water resources, poor land use management due to its overexploitation through monoculture practices, absence of sustainable agriculture and livestock practices, poor crop rotation, low application of organic fertilizers, and lack of inputs and resources were identified. Poor agricultural practices have led to low production yields and limited economic profit for farmers. This Environmental Management Plan focuses on the prevention, mitigation, and compensation of the environmental impacts caused by agriculture and therefore improving the quality of life of the communities in the study case.

ENCUENTROS Y DESENCUENTROS EN EL PROCESO LABORAL Percepción docente en el contexto de la pandemia

This study describes the experience of teachers during the COVID-19 lockdown. The research explores the perceptions of public university teachers in Mexico regarding the problems and challenges they faced due to the transformation of their job, from face-to-face teaching to remote education, throughout the "healthy distancing" period of the first half of 2020. The teachers were sent an online questionnaire of open-ended and closed-ended questions. Their responses indicate an increase in their academic workload, especially in terms of the review of homework and projects, and special sessions to explain content. The teachers mentioned feeling more tired and even frustrated during the lockdown, yet they recognized certain strengths of distance education;in particular, it generated their reflection on the need to redesign content, depending on the educational setting. © 2022 Consejo Mexicano de Investigacion Educativa. All rights reserved.

Teaching mathematics in confinement time: planning for post-pandemic instructions

The teaching of mathematics is a complex phenomenon by nature and one that the COVID-19 pandemic has increased. Classes' features or the characteristics of classes held in confinement and the curricular prioritization carried out by the Ministry of Education, make necessary tools that allow evaluating teaching during this time, to improve, strengthen the learning of students. Through a review of the dimensions that characterize the quality of mathematics teaching, we identified four common elements (math used in class, goals, classes, and assessment). The description of these elements through questions is an input to evaluate the mathematics classes carried out in this very particular academic year. We conclude that the characteristics of the Chilean educational system make it necessary for the evaluation of mathematics classes to also be carried out from the perspective of how the educational system itself provided the conditions for teachers to carry out the quality teaching.

1061P Safety of cemiplimab for advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: The Spanish named patient programme

Background: Cemiplimab is a programmed cell death receptor-1 inhibitor with antitumour activity for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) and acceptable safety proved in its pivotal trial. We provide the first data on cemiplimab safety in daily practice from the named patient programme (NPP) for advanced CSCC in Spain. Methods: This cemiplimab NPP was performed from March 2019 to March 2020. It included patients aged ≥18 years with advanced CSCC and ineligible for surgery, radiation therapy or clinical trials. The cemiplimab safety was assessed according to treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) reported until March 2021. Results: 140 patients were included (median age [interquartile range, IQR] 77.0 [65.0-84.0] years;age ≥80 38%;men 71.7%;≥1 comorbidity 83%;ECOG 0-1 86.3%;locally advanced CSCC 60.7%;cemiplimab as first-line therapy 67.7%). Cemiplimab was received for a median (IQR) of 8.0 (3.0-14.0) cycles. Fifty-eight (41.4%) patients showed ≥1 of the 163 TEAEs reported, which most frequently included diarrhoea n=7, asthenia n=6, constipation n=4 and abdominal pain n=4. Fourteen (8.6%) were immune-mediated, mainly bronchitis n=2, pneumonitis n=2 and hepatitis n=2. Seventy-eight (47.9%) TEAEs were grade ≥3, most frequently pneumonia n=3, COVID-19 n=3, general physical health deterioration n=2, pyrexia n=2, renal transplant failure n=2, sepsis n=2, acute kidney injury n=2 and respiratory failure n=2. Twenty-one (12.9%) were treatment-related (TREAEs): 11 (6.7%) were grade 1-2 (diarrhoea n=3 and asthenia, hepatotoxicity, malnutrition, odynophagia, polymyalgia rheumatica, pneumonitis, pruritus, and skin toxicity), 9 (5.5%) grade 3 (acute kidney injury, adrenal insufficiency, abdominal pain, blood creatinine increased, dysphagia, haematuria, immune-mediated enterocolitis, panniculitis, surgical wound infection) and 1 (0.6%) unknown grade. Cemiplimab was withdrawn due to TREAEs in only 5 (3.6%) patients. The TEAE outcome was fatal in 29 (17.8%);none related to cemiplimab. Conclusions: This NPP supports the real-life safety of cemiplimab for CSCC, showing an acceptable safety profile consistent with previous reports. Editorial acknowledgement: Editorial assistance was provided by Esther Álvarez-García at Dynamic Science S.L., funded by Sanofi. Legal entity responsible for the study: Sanofi. Funding: Sanofi. Disclosure: E. Muñoz Couselo: Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: Amgen;Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: Bristol-Myers Squibb;Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: Merck Sharp & Dohme;Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: Novartis;Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: Pierre Fabre;Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: Roche;Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: Sanofi;Financial Interests, Personal, Other, Honoraria: Amgen;Financial Interests, Personal, Other, Honoraria: Bristol-Myers Squibb;Financial Interests, Personal, Other, Honoraria: Merck Sharp & Dohme;Financial Interests, Personal, Other, Honoraria: Novartis;Financial Interests, Personal, Other, Honoraria: Pierre Fabre;Financial Interests, Personal, Other, Honoraria: Roche;Financial Interests, Personal, Principal Investigator: Amgen;Financial Interests, Personal, Principal Investigator: Bristol-Myers Squibb;Financial Interests, Personal, Principal Investigator: GlaxoSmithKline;Financial Interests, Personal, Principal Investigator: Merck Sharp & Dohme;Financial Interests, Personal, Principal Investigator: Novartis;Financial Interests, Personal, Principal Investigator: Pierre Fabre;Financial Interests, Personal, Principal Investigator: Roche;Financial Interests, Personal, Principal Investigator: Sanofi. A. Soria: Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Novartis;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Sanofi Aventis;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Roche Pharma;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Merck Serono;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Merck Sharp & Dohme;Financial Interests, Perso al, Invited Speaker: Bristol-Myers Squibb;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Pierre Fabre;Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: Novartis;Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: Sanofi Aventis;Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: Roche Pharma;Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: Merck Serono;Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: Merck Sharp & Dohme;Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: Bristol-Myers Squibb;Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: Pierre Fabre;Financial Interests, Personal, Principal Investigator: Novartis;Financial Interests, Personal, Principal Investigator: Sanofi Aventis;Financial Interests, Personal, Principal Investigator: Roche Pharma;Financial Interests, Personal, Principal Investigator: Merck Serono;Financial Interests, Personal, Principal Investigator: Merck Sharp & Dohme;Financial Interests, Personal, Principal Investigator: Bristol-Myers Squibb;Financial Interests, Personal, Principal Investigator: Pierre Fabre. O. Sanmartin: Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Sanofi Genzyme;Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: Sanofi Genzyme;Financial Interests, Personal, Officer: Sanofi Genzyme;Financial Interests, Personal, Principal Investigator: Sanofi Genzyme;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Roche Pharma;Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: Roche Pharma;Financial Interests, Personal, Officer: Roche Pharma;Financial Interests, Personal, Principal Investigator: Roche Pharma. J. Cañueto: Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Hoffman-La Roche;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Sanofi-Genzyme;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: AbbVie;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: LeoPharma;Financial Interests, Personal, Other, Consultancy: Sanofi-Genzyme;Financial Interests, Personal, Other, Consultancy: InflaRx;Financial Interests, Personal, Other, Consultancy: Almirall. S. Beá Ardébol: Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Meda;Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: Sanofi;Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: SunPharma;Financial Interests, Personal, Other, Trial subinvestigator: Sanofi Aventis;Financial Interests, Personal, Other, Trial subinvestigator: SunPharma;Financial Interests, Personal, Other, Trial subinvestigator: PellePharma. R. Fernández-de-Misa Cabrera: Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: Sanofi. A.J. Cunquero-Tomás: Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: BMS;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Pierre-Fabre;Financial Interests, Personal, Writing Engagements: Sanofi;Financial Interests, Personal, Other, 2021 EADO/WMC Congress inscription fee: Sanofi. L. Fernández Franco: Non-Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Merck;Non-Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Sanofi;Non-Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Servier. I. Romero: Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Pharmamar;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Roche;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: GSK;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Clovis;Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: AstraZeneca;Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: Pharmamar;Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: Roche;Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: GSK;Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: Clovis;Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: AstraZeneca. J. Medina Martínez: Non-Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Roche;Non-Financial Interests, Personal, Speaker’s Bureau: Roche;Non-Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: Roche;Non-Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Novartis;Non-Financial Interests, Personal, Speaker’s Bureau: Novartis;Non-Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: Novartis;Non-Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: BMS;Non-Financial Interests, Personal, Speaker’s Bureau: BMS;Non-Financial Interests, Personal, Ad isory Board: BMS;Non-Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: MSD;Non-Financial Interests, Personal, Speaker’s Bureau: MSD;Non-Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Pierre Fabre;Non-Financial Interests, Personal, Speaker’s Bureau: Pierre Fabre;Non-Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: Pierre Fabre;Non-Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Merk;Non-Financial Interests, Personal, Speaker’s Bureau: Merk;Non-Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Sanofi;Non-Financial Interests, Personal, Speaker’s Bureau: Sanofi;Non-Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: Sanofi;Non-Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Servier. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

The Broad Range of Coronaviruses Co-Existing in Chiropteran: Implications for One Health

Bats are a group of mammals that harbor the most significant number of coronaviruses. The aim of present review article was to analyze the broad spectrum of the coronavirus coexisting in Chiropterans hosts. Bats have certain types of cell receptors that allow them to be the potential hosts of a large number of viruses without the presence of any clinical manifestations, and to be a source of contagion infections for other animals and human species. Emphasis can be placed on five coronaviruses, such as Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Disease, Severe Acute Diarrhea Syndrome, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2, which have had significant impacts causing epidemic outbreaks in different parts of the world, and generating implications for both human and animal health. In conclusion, recent research indicated the importance of bats as potential hosts of multiple coroaviruses leading to some zoonotic diseases.

Barrier devices during endotracheal intubation: A utility in the intubation process during the sars-cov-2 pandemic?

The urgent need of caring for COVID-19 patients has prompted doctors around the world to come up with innovative strategies to safeguard their health. The response of health care institutions to this pandemic is unprecedented, as is the shortage of personal protective equipment. Without it, the chances of health workers to become ill and die increase. In patients infected with SARS CoV-2, the Aerosol-Generating Procedures are considered to be those with the highest exposure to the virus in the care rooms. In this article we expose the available information regarding additional protection provided by some barrier devices during the intubation-extubation process, in order to create the need for Mexican physicians to investigate the consequences of their use further on. © 2021, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias. All rights reserved.

Biosecurity and airway management in the pediatric patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection

The first confirmed case of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) in our country occurred on February 27, 2020, according to the Mexican Ministry of Health. The staff engaged in pediatric care has developed training strategies to serve their patients and to be part of the pandemic response staff. Learning biosecurity mechanisms is significant to prevent further spread of the virus and strengthen health care teams with the purpose of preventing contagion. That is why we consider that the pediatricians in Mexico should be trained to determine the type of personal protective equipment and protection strategies before, during and after ventilating patients, also when performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation maneuvers, procedures that are aerosol generators. Considering that a long epidemic is expected in our country, we present this article that serves as part of the knowledge required to document good practices for treating COVID-19.

Hiv patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in a tertiary care center in mexico city

Background: The main risk factors for severe COVID-19 described are diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, obesity, chronic lung and renal disease. HIV infection has not been found to be an independent factor for severe COVID-19, however, only small case series of HIV and COVID-19 have been reported. The aim of this study is to describe clinical characteristics and outcomes of HIV positive patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in a tertiary care hospital in Mexico City. Methods: A single-center review of HIV-infected patients diagnosed with COVID-19 was performed using medical records from March 1st, 2020 to May 20th, 2020. We describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes Results: A total of 11 PLWH were diagnosed with COVID-19, only 9 were hospitalized and are described here. One died, 6 were discharged and 2 remain hospitalized (table 1). Overall, the median age was 46 years, all males and most (7/9) were on INSTI based ART regimen and undetectable HIV viral load (9/9), with a median of CD4 counts of 581 cell/mm3. The median days since onset of COVID19 symptoms was 7 days. 6/9 had at least one comorbidity: hypertension (3/9) and chronic kidney disease (3/9). 7/9 had body max index >25. 7/9 had moderate to severe lung disease, evidenced by computed tomography. 4/9 required invasive mechanical ventilation, and all were successfully extubated. Conclusion: Most of the HIV patients who required hospitalization due to COVID19 had comorbidities. In spite of severe and critical presentations, most patients have recovered. Outcomes appear no different from those seen for non-HIV infected patients, however larger studies to determine the risk that HIV infection confers to COVID19 outcomes are needed.

Mapping repertoires of collective action facing the COVID-19 pandemic in informal settlements in Latin American cities. (Special Issue: Rethinking the roles of the state and communities in urban housing and land-use management II.)

How are civil society organizations responding to COVID-19's impacts on informal settlements? In Latin America, civil society organizations have developed a repertoire of collective action, seeking to provide immediate and medium-term responses to the emergency. This paper aims to map these initiatives and identify strategic approaches to tackle the issues, given the strengths of those undertaking the initiative, and the scope, purpose and sphere of intervention. Using direct contact, a survey, and a virtual ethnography with social organizations has allowed us to identify and characterize the initiatives. The repertoire focuses on emergency measures around food security, and pedagogies for prevention, sanitation and income relief at the neighbourhood and district levels. We argue that the civil society response repertoire is diverse in form and resources but limited in scope;meanwhile the urgency of the situation and the mismatch with state action mean that crucial spheres of informality, vital to cultivating grounds for a healthy recovery phase, are being neglected.